RESEARCH FOR DOCUMENTARY-History of 'Office' heels

History of 'Office' heels

Office first opened back in 1981 as 'Office London' with a concession in the shopping mecca Hyper Hyper, but its roots go back to the 60's selling hand-crafted belts, luggage and footwear.

The unit in Hyper Hyper proved to be extremely successful, prompting further expansion into the West End. The first stand-alone Office store opened on Kings Road in 1984, followed by sites in Charing Cross Road and High Street Kensington.

Office continued to grow throughout the Eighties, encompassing every major shopping area in London including Covent Garden, Camden and Portobello Road. By 1995 the chain had acquired stores on prestigious South Molton Street and Neal Street, Covent Garden.

February 1996 saw the launch of Offspring situated in London's Covent Garden. It was a pioneering new concept encouraged by the sports footwear industry, devoted to revolutionising the world of fashion sports retailing and underpinned by the existing creative and commercial success that had kept Office at the fore-front of the fashion footwear market over the last ten years. A further two stand alone Offspring stores soon followed in Camden and Brighton. Riding on the success of such an innovative brand, 2006 saw Offspring open concessions within the prestigious department store Selfridges London and Manchester.

In 2000, Poste was launched, an up market men's boutique offering a selection of designer men's shoes in an environment synonymous of a typical gentleman's club. Since then concessions have been launched in Harvey Nichols stores nationwide.

By July 2001, Poste Mistress the sister store arrived and soon became the essential ladies footwear boutique in Covent Garden. Both stores boast a celebrity clientele that reads like an A -Z of who's who in the showbiz world. Paris Hilton, David and Victoria Beckham, Helena Christiansen, Keira Knightly and Kelly Brooke to name a few.

In 2003, the private company was purchased by Tom Hunter of the West Coast Capital Group and with his backing the company's store ratio has doubled with further expansion planned for 2006.

In 2004, Office moved over-seas opening their first stand alone store in Dublin. Since then four further branches have opened in Dublin and Belfast.

OFFICE currently retails from 74 stand-alone sites including; 4 in Eire, 3 Offspring and a Poste & Poste Mistress boutique. Our concessions include; 23 House of Fraser, 7 Topshop (including NYC), 7 Harvey Nichols and 5 Selfriges (4 Offsprings and 1 x Ladies). In addition to our stores we have a thriving mail order and world-wide website business - OFFICE remains a firm favourite with the fashion-pack.

Ever since its' inception, Office has gained a reputation for originality in its approach to shoe retailing. Uninhibited by the creative constraints imposed by the larger multiples, Office has always managed to effectively marry originality to commerciality in both product and store design.

Both the men's and women's ranges encompass the whole style spectrum, from designer to sports. Own label designs offer affordable yet directional fashion, reflecting the massive legacy of a company founded on London style.

Formal proposal

Formal Proposal For Documentary

Topic

Fashion, as part of a series, the topic for this episode is going to be heels.

Type Of Documentary

Entertaining with some information. The mode of address will be informal, chatty and fun.

Style Of Documentary

Expository and it is going to use a woman’s voice to illustrate what is being discussed (“Voice of God”).

Channel and Scheduling

9pm broadcast on Channel 4 on a Wednesday.

Target Audience

Women aged 16 and over. The target audience will not be limited as women of all ages can wear heels. We’ve decided on the documentary being broadcast at this time because of our research task results, where most women who filled in our questionnaire said they prefer to watch documentaries at this time. Also, after researching TV scheduling, it was seen that documentaries are broadcast between 9-11pm.

Primary Research Needed

Voxpops and several other interviews.

Secondary Research Needed

Due to the content of the documentary, research will be about the history of heels, contact details of shoe shops and of foot specialists.

Narrative Structure

At the beginning, a question is asked if heels are diva or disaster, which is the follow on question from 'How to be a fashion icon'. After, information is given through facts, voxpops, interviews, voiceovers etc. The documentary will end by answering the question, 'Heels, Diva or Disaster?' that was established at the opening credits.

Outline Of Content

• Interviews with foot specialists, shop assistants, shop managers and shoe designers.
• Cutaways of people walking in heels.
• Archive material of Sex and The City clip, and people complaining about sore feet.
• Interview with a doctor about what heels do to your posture.
• Female voiceover.
• Gok Wann style -> informal, chatty.
• Cutaways of shoes and heels in shops (Liverpool One.)
• Voxpops outside shoe shops.
• Interviews with University students studying fashion design.
• Interview with Liverpool Echo fashion editor.
• Interview with Colleen Rooney.
• Discussion about prices – quality of heels for price.
• Discussion about size of heels.
• Victoria Beckham – bunion removed because she always wears heels.
Archive material of her on the red carpet and several shots of her in heels.
• Interview with Miss Wiltshire (discovering how she copes teaching on her feet all day everyday in 6 inch heels) and a drag queen (for a similar reason, but also how they cope, not being used to heels and how they feel about wearing them.)
• How heels have changed through time.
• Voxpop of why people wear heels.
• Archive material of Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz.
• "Broken Heels" song.
• Archive Material of the film "13 going on 30".
• "Party Feet" discussion.

Resource Requirements

• Camera
• Interviewees
• Microphones for interviews
• Sound recordings
• Cameras (Still)

Brainstorm ideas for content of Documentary

Brainstorm Of Content For Documentary

• Interviews with; foot specialists, shop assistants, shop managers and shoe designers.
• Cutaways of people walking in heels.
• Archive material of Sex and The City clip, and people complaining about sore feet.
• Talk to a doctor about what heels do to your posture.
• Woman voiceover.
• Gok Wann style -> informal, chatty.
• Cutaways of shoes and heels in shops (Liverpool One.)
• Voxpops outside shoe shops.
• Interviews with Uni students studying fashion design.
• Interview with Liverpool Echo fashion editor.
• Interview with Colleen Rooney.
• Discussion about prices – quality of heels for price.
• Discussion about size of heels.
• Victoria Beckham – bunion removed because she always wears heels.
• Archive material of her on the red carpet and several shots of her in heels.
• Interview with Miss Wiltshire and a drag queen.
• How heels have changed through time.
• Voxpop of why people wear heels.
• Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz – archive material.
• Broken Heels song.
• Archive Material of 13 going on 30.
• Party Feet discussion.

TARGET AUDIENCE RESEARCH-Questionnaire results-pie charts

As most people answered female we decided we would use a female voiceover as it relates to the topic of the documentary, being about heels.

As a vast amount of the participants said they would like to hear about the history of heels, we are going to include it into our first 5 minutes of our documentary.

We are going to have an interview with a university student who is focusing on shoe design in our half an hour interview, as thats what most people thought the best interview would be.

Most people said they didn't have a preference to the songs in the documentary, yet all the songs said were popular pop songs. Therefore we will use popular chart songs for music in our documentary.

Over half of the participants answered 5-9pm however we have scheduled our documentary for 9pm as that is when all the popular soaps are finished, and also the watershed, as some pictures may not be suitable before the watershed.




The majority answered that they feel more confident in heels therefore this may help us with what we include in our documentary, about why people wear heels and how each person feels in them.

Most of the females surveyed told us they only buy heels every so often, which shows that it is almost like a treat or something to look forward to.

Black is the favourite colours of most of the females asked, therefore we could involve the colour black into the documentary, and also maybe show black heels, and find out if they are most popular as there are more black heels in shops.







As most people asked said that their highest pair of heels were 6-7 inches, we will involve how the higher the heel the worse it is, into the documentary. We could also use heels this size for cutaways and archive material.

Over 3/4 of people do not have a lucky pair of shoes, therefore we will probably not involve anything about this into our documentary, as it doesn't apply to most people.






The most popular brand of heels were New Look, so in our half an hour documentary we will involve New Look heels and possibly an interview with a sales assistant from the shop.





As most of the females told us they only wear heels on the weekend, we may involve the reasons for people wearing heels, and why they wear them when they do.

Up to £50 was the most popular answer for the amount spent on heels, we could therefore film about the prices in popular shoe shops.



Over 1/4 of the females own 10 or more heels so we could interview a heel wearer about the amount of shoes they have.

Just under half of the participants only watch documentaries occasionally, therefore we would have to make the advert attention grabbing and look interesting so that there are more viewers.



We tried to question a variety of ages but just over 1/4 asked were 16-20 years old, therefore the results may not be as reliable, however that is the age our target audience starts at.

TARGET AUDIENCE RESEARCH-Questionnaire

Documentary Questionnaire
(Please circle the correct answer)

1.How old are you?

16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46+

2.How often do you watch documentaries?

Everyday Most days A few times a week Just weekends Occasionally

Hardly ever Never

3.How many pairs of heels do you own?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10+

If more, how many?___________________

4.How much money would you spend on a pair of heels?

Up to £10 Up to £20 Up to £30 Up to £40 Up to £50 Up to £60

£60 or more

If more, how much?____________________

5.How often do you wear heels?

Everyday Most days A few times a week Just weekends Occasionally

Hardly ever Never

6.What's your favourite brand of heels?

_____________________________

7.Do you have a lucky pair of shoes?

Yes No

8.What are the highest pair of heels you own?

__________________________________

9.What's your favourite colour of heels?

__________________________________

10.How often do yoy buy new heels?

Daily Weekly Fortnightly Monthly Every so often Rarely

11.How do you feel when you put on a pair of heels?

__________________________________

12.At what time would you expect a fashion documentary to be scheduled?

Before 12pm 12-5pm 5-9pm After 9pm

13.Are there any particular songs you would like to hear in a documentary about shoes?

___________________________________________

14.What experts would you like to see interviewed in a fashion documentary?

Sales assistant Shoe designer Shop manager Other

If other, please state____________________________

15.Would you like to hear about the history of heels?

Yes No Don't mind

16.Would you prefer a male or female voiceover in a fashion documentary?

Male Female Don't mind

Audio recording

Video recording

Initial Plans

Our documentary is going to be on Heels. The documentary will be based on different heels for different occasions and how they have changed throughout history.

The documentary will be broadcasted on channel 4 at 9.00pm.

The programme will be a series of fashion documentariesm for example, one week about jeans, another about bags and so on.

Our target audience will be for all women aged 16 onwards, however for the majority, the women will have to be interested in fashion, and have worn heels/own them.

The title of our series will be called, 'How to make yourself a fashion icon.' With a subtitle for this particular documentary as, 'Heels...Diva or disaster?' Therefore we have a question to answer within our documentary.

Brainstorm

Ideas

• Shoes


• Make-up


• Fashion


• Chocolate


• Food


• Perfume


• Handbags


• Heels

Further Ideas

• High street fashion


• What is fashion?


• How has high street fashion changed?

After analysing what a documentary on fashion would be like, we decided that it would be too broad, therefore we decided to go with a documentary on heels, and how they have changed through time, however a lot more area's will be covered in the documentary.

Scheduling Theory

TV companies want to reach the right audience for a particular programme.

-Inheritance-scheduling a programme after a popular programme to 'inherit' some of it's audience.

-Pre-Echo-Scheduling a programme before a popular programme, hoping that viewers will tune in early and enjoy the previous programme.

-Hammocking-a programme is scheduled in between two popular programmes.

-Remote controls have an impact on this, as it prevents scheduling, being able to choose and record etc.

-Satellite/cable/freeview, therefore the viewers have an active roll and feel in control, they can produce their own TV schedule, and also the invention of sky plus.

-Watershed and 9pm, as the use of strong language, sex, violence, drugs and alcohol use.

-Narrowcasting, is where an audience has been aimed at specifically, e.g 'Disney' and 'Nickleodeon' are for children, Food programmes and 'Teachers TV' have specific audience and the same for 'Living' etc.

-Specific choice due to the remote.

Tv Scheduling

-The schedule for each day can be broken down into clear segments. How would you categorise these segments?

Day time
Evening

-Who are the target audience for these segments?



Daytime, housewives and unemployed people, e.g pensioners - 'Jeremy Kyle', 'Location, Location, Location'



Evening, before the watershed, families -'Eastenders'. After the watershed -16+ e.g 'Mock The Week'



-What would you say are the most popular genres on television?



Soap operas- prime time (7-10) and they're on everyday



-Who is the target audience of each terrestrial channel? Give examples of schedules programmes to support your views.



BBC1-They have something for everyone, as there is a mixture of programmes. E.g BBC and 'Loose Women'

BBC2-Older generations e.g 'Antiques Master'.

ITV1- 16-50, 'Dragons Den'.

Channel 4- Under 30's, 'Hollyoaks'

Channel 5- Older generations, 40+, 'The Gadget Show'.

-Roughly, what percentage of each channel's schedules is taken up with repeats? Why do you think this is?

BBC1=17% as there is a numerous amount of programmes that may be missed by the viewers, as there is a mixture of programmes therefore a large target audience.

BBC2=25% as the older generation prefere when their programmes are repeated to record or watch again, also they share the programmes with friends, as anyone would.

ITV1=10% as the target audience will be ready to watch the programme, with it being the most popular, soap operas etc.

Channel 4=10% as not many programmes other than 'friends' need to be repeated similarly to ITV1, however the american drama's are repeated on a plus one channel.

Channel FIVE=5% as the programmes are a one time showing, rather than like channel 4 were they are a series of the programme, the one time programme cannot be repeated.

-Which channels have more imported programmes in their schedules? Why do you think this might be?

Channel 5-Evening more than daytime.

Channel 4-Daytime TV more than evening.

-What do you understand by the term 'the watershed' and where does this occur in the schedules?

The watershed is the time when programmes with a more violent nature are sceduled, for example thy may have nudity, swearing, drug an alcohol use etc. Therefore parents can protect their children from watching them. The watershed occurs at 9pm in the schedules.

GENRE ANALYSIS-Summary of Codes and Conventions of Documentaries

• Interviews
• Voice overs(Voice-of-God)
• Narrative structure
• Graphics(subtitles)
• Archive Material
• Diegetic and non-diegetic material
• Style of documentary matches the genre of/subject of documentary
• Images relating to.illustrating voice-over
• Narrator/presenter
• Interviewee looks off camera with a space next to them (same side as they look into -'looking space')
• Documentary type suits the tv channel and audience
• Talking head interviews
• Music(non-diegetic sound) matches ganre and/or audience
• Mise-en-scene signifies what the subject is/documentary
• Handheld camera work, to make the audience feel involved
• Cutaways, to keep the audience interested(not just interviews)
• Factual and informative

GENRE ANALYSIS-Documentary Analysis (Mongrels Uncovered.)

Mongrels Uncovered.

Type of documentary


Theme

• Mongrels/puppetry
• Adult Humour
• Entertainment/show

Narrative Structure

• Opening shows footage of mongrels in the television buisness.
• Talk about how they're portrayed in TV.
• Talking about casting the rolls of the characters & voices.
• Introducing the set
• 'Out On Location'
• Music

Camera Work

• Footage of the camera work for the mongrels.
• Interviews-looking into the space.
• Talking to the mongrels.
• Footage of the mongrels and cast working

Mise-en-scene

• Mongrels behing/next to the interviewee
• Stage equipment
• Their job is symbolised by the mise-en-scene (matching)

Sound

• Music over the voice-over (volume lowered) and footage.
• Voice-of-God, male voice, seems stronger.
• Mixture of music used throughout could represent the mixture of characters.
• Music from the archive material (diegetic)
• Non-diegetic and diegetic music and sounds used.

Editing

• Fast, snappy footage-seems enegetic and exciting.
• Blurred transition from cut to cut.
• Glitter from wand.

Archive Material

• Of mongrel puppets and their shows
• Used a lot in the documentary

Graphics

• Subheadings/names- used colours and patterns "voice of..."
• Character(mongrel) and name with matching font and colour.
• Titles used throughout matching the documentary as the font is brightly coloured and large.

GENRE ANALYSIS-Documentary Analysis (Special Deliveries)

Special Deliveries

Type of Documentary

Themes

• Birth

Narrative Structure

• Starts with footage of women giving birth.
• 'Esther' the community midwife visiting a patient and interviewing included throughout.
• Individual footage/time with each patient.
• Conclusion of all births and a collage of all the mothers with their babies.

Camera Work

• Footage of a day used to speed up-shows the business of a materity ward.
• Interviews-interviewee's looking into the space.
• Interview of community midwife driving in her car.
• footage of outside the dilivery rooms still hearing the sound from inside.
• Interview taking place of woman on an operating table.

Mise-en-scene

• Hospital equipment and machienery behind interviewee
• items such as coffee and sweet used to make the staff look friendly and their job seem also friendly and normal.
• Books-intelligence.

Sound

• Voice-of-God, using a woman's voice as it would suit the documentary and make it seem more personal and sensitive as it is women who give birth.
• Heart beat sound of a monitor of the baby from inside the womb-non-diegetic sound on opening sequence.
• Diegetic sound from inside the door of a delivery room.
• Calm, happy music (non-diegetic) when the babies have been born.

Editing

• Video's fast forwarded to look quick
• Cutaways of birth between the interviews
• Cutaways match the voice over when they say specific words, e.g "room 5" image of room 5.

Archive material

Graphics

• Names/subtitles
• Channel in te top left of the screen, 'BBC'.
• Credits and a thankyou message to the midwives at the end.

GENRE ANALYSIS-Documentary Ananlysis (That thing Lara Croft.)

That Thing Lara Croft.


Type of documentary

• Action
• Graphical/Archive packed
• Expositary

Themes

• Obbsession
• Media

Narrartive Structure

• Starts with playstation game
• People becoming obbessed with her and seeing her as a sex symbol (comparred to Barbie)
• Playstation again

Camera work

Mise-en-scene

• Interviews have Lara Croft in the background and Tombraidor.

Sound

• Action material music
• Male voice over, to match the target audiece

Editing

• Cutaway shots of video game
• Interviews have a background of the video game
• Fast pace
• Blue/green screen technology-talking heads

Archive Material

• Video game sequence
• Lara Croft film-Angalina Jolie

Graphics

GENRE ANALYSIS-Documentary Ananlysis (The Music Bizz- Marketing Meatloaf.)

The Music Bizz- Marketing Meatloaf



Type of documentary

• BBC2 documentary
• Educational (learning zone)
• Expositary

Theme

• Music
• Making it as a star

Narrative Structure

• Music industry
• Brit awards
• Meatloaf (man part of the documentary)
• The making of Meatloaf's video
• End of documentary demonstrates Meatloaf's success.

Camera Work

• Opening sequence-handheld camera work on red carpet-makes the audience feel like they're there. For example and the press conference the camera work makes you feel like you're there, engaging audiences from the beginning.

Mise-en-scene

• Removed background, put in image of Meatloaf using a green/blue screen effect.
• Meatloaf's CD in the background.

Sound

• Voice over-'Voice-of-God', male voice which could be because it is about a male star, therefore it seems friendly.
• At time the voice over tells you what you want to think.
• The music builds up and a peak to create excitment.

Editing

• Fade in and fade out, feels like a real interview
• Dont see the interviewees thats much as archive footage has taken over
• Crossfades of lots of different things to illustrate what they're talking about

Archive Material

• Meatloaf Performing music and videos
• Still pictures
• Videos
• CD cover
• There is a lot or archive material in the documentary

Graphics

• Opening credits-like a magazine with little snaps of famous people.
• Uses the logo, and name of the documentary on the caption.
• Quotes across the middle of the screen.

GENRE ANALYSIS-Documentary Ananlysis (Public Enemy Number One- The Devil made me do it.)

Public Enemy Number One-The Devil made me do it.



Type of Documentary

• Expositary
• Included a voice over and images that match the documentary.
• Channel 4-After 10.

Theme

• Music, religion.

Narrative Structure

• Wide range of interviews-formal & informal
• Switches from case to case (murder of nun/Marilyn Manson)
• Narrator/voice of god
• Enigma code-using Marilyn Manson
• 13 minutes into the documentary, the enigma code begins to be answered.
• Voice over connects murder with Marilyn Manson.
• The end of the documentary is just involving Marilyn Manson.
• Conclusion-closed narrative to end documentary.

Camera Work

• Cutaways
• Filming various shots to demonstrate & give clues as to the murder of the nun
• Hand held camera work-frantic sense, makes the audience feel like they're there, e.g coming out of court waiting for the decision, and when the girl is going into the woods seems realistic and witch-like.
• Dark images
• Establishing shots to signify the start of a new segment.

Mise-en-scene

• Close up of reporter (Vatican, head and shoulder mid shot)
• Religious poster in background, and books behind him to show his interests.
• The mise-en-scene for the detective shows his importance as the surrounded area is formal.
• The friends of the girls who comitted the murder show mise-en-scene that demonstrates what Veronica and Melonia were like (smoking, informal attitude lounging and general carelessness) This shows they are not as important, and the interview is informal.

Sound

• Translater over Interviewee.
• Non-digetic music-sad, when in the church using symbolism, makes you empathise with the situation.
• Sound of heartbeat-dramatic
• Sound effects of the event
• Voice-over- male voice, formal tone to make it seem more serious (by using the male voice).

Editing

• Cutaways inbetween interviews to illustrate what he's talking about.
• Words such as "pray" would be displaying an image of a coffin, this makes the viewer feel more involved.

Archive Material

• Marilyn Manson-concert material

Graphics

• Black background with white writing and cross for T with the title.
• The graphics match the genre of music-rock/heavy metal.
• Same font and colours throughout-captions.

GENRE ANALYSIS-Codes and Conventions of a Documentary

Introduction to Documentary

Documentaries focus on and question people and events often in a social context making the audience form an opinion about it.

• They present factual information about the world.



• Documentaries use on-screen labels.

Devices used:

• Recorded events as they atually occur



• Information presents using visual aids, charts, maps etc.



• Events stages for the camera when neccessary.

Three types of documentary:

• Compilation film-film is made up of an assembly of archive images such as newsreel and footage.



• Interview/'talking heads'-testimoniesare recorded about people, events or social movements.



• Direct cinema-where an event is recorded 'as it happens', with minimal intereference from the film-maker.

Documentary techniques:

• Narrative form-telling us a story with characters, tension, and a point of view, using improvisation. Modern situations consist of Big Brother.



• Parallelism-asking the audience to draw parallels between characters, settings and situations.



• Narration-helps the audience receive plot information.



• Authoritative voice-Audience listens to a voice they already know, and trust. Normally documentaris use male voices, but recently, specifically with the younger audience, documentaires have introduced the female voice-over.

LIGHTING

The source of lighting in a documentary usually originates naturally from the environment being filmed. Unlike a feature film-maker using additional and manipulated light.

CAMERA WORK

Hand-held camera work is the most commonly used in a documentary, removing the need for a tripod or dolly, using their body for support. This creates a subjective point of view aiming at an intimacy between the audience and the film.

EDITNG

• Fade-out-image darkens into blackness gradually.



• Fade-in-image lightens from blackness gradually.



• Dissolve-end of the shot is briefly superimposed with the beginning of the next.



• Wipe-a shot is replaced by another using a line moving across the screen.

Material is selected, ordered and placed into a sequential form ('Mediated').

SOUND

• Diegetic sound-comes from within the documentary



• Non-digetic sound-comes from outside the film/documentary e.g a soundtrack or narrator.

Documentary Genres/styles

Expository- 'Voice-of-god' narration directly addressing the viewer. The voice-over anchors the meaning of the images being shown, which are used to illustrate what the narrator is saying and can appear to make the voice-over seen more objective nd honest. They are usually centred arund a problem that needs solving.

Observational ('fly-on-the-wall')

The style began with the 'direct cinema' techniques, where by a lightweight camera equipment allowed crews to film right where the action was taking place creating dramatic excitement.

Observational narrative avoids voice-over or commntary and the camera is as unobtrusive as possible.

Techniques used:

• Indirect address to the audience
• Diegetic sound (including music)
• Relatively long takes, demonstrating nothing has been edited out.
• Observational documentaries tend to focus on specific individuals, often durin a crisis or drama.
• Events often unfolded infront of the camera and the film-makers have no knowledge of the outcome.
• The style dominates television documentaries.

Docucoaps

Docusoaps are a hugely popular hybrid; a long-running documentary series that follows a group of characters chosen for their quirkiness and entertainment value. Their prioritisation of entertainment over social commentary, sets them apart from their predecessors.

They were made possible by lightweight camea equipment.

They have an episodic, soap-like structure, with several interweaving plot lines, involving different characters, which tend to be given about three minutes of air time before moving on to the next. There is a relationship btween characters, film makers and the audience that was new in the history of documentary.

Reality TV

-characterised by a high degree of hybridisation between different programme types.

-factual programming increased between 1989 and 1999, mainly at the expense of sitcoms, game shows and quizzes.

Reality TV is characterised by:

• Camcorder, surveillance or observational camera work
• First person or eye-witness testimony
• Studio or to-camera links and commentary from presenters.

Interactive

The style acknowledges the presence of the camera and crew. It allows the film-maker to speak directly to her/his subjects in the form on an interview mainly, meaning that the focus is on the exchange of information rather than the creation of an objective view.

Drama-documentary

-reconstruction and re-enactments are as old as documentary itself. Drama documentaries arouse much debate because unless based on transcripts, they are even more open to bias and interpretation than other forms of documentaries.

'docudrama'-fictional story that uses techniques of documentary to reinforce its claim for realism.

'dramadoc'-documentary reconstruction of actual events using techniques taken from fiction cinema.

The purpose and effect of the techniques used is more important than the labelling.

Current Affairs

-journalist-led programmes whose aim is to address the news and the political agenda in greater depth than the news bulletins allow. Programmes are organised around a journalist report.

Documentary Dilemmas

-Documentary footage is rarely broadcaste unedited.

-The relationship between programme makers and their subjects varies: they can be reporting on their subjects, investigating them, or observing them.

-Editing is another area of difficulty because any documentary can only be a representation of a particular subject.

Factual accuracy is vital for current affairs documentaries: responsibility to the audienceoutweights responsibility to the subjects of the programme.

BBC and ITC guidelines affect the final edit of any programme.